Tabulampot Jambu Air
8 Februari 2010
Jambu air merupakan tanaman menahun (parensial) dan berbuah dua kali setahun, bulan Juli dan September. Ketinggian pohon bisa mencapai 7 meter.
Buah jambu air mengandung kalori, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi dan vitamin C serta air. Bagian yang dapat dimakan dari buah jambu air sebanyak 90%.
Jambu air banyak jenis dan varitasnya, antara lain Cincola, Lilin, Semarang, Apel, Camplong, Bangkok dan lain-lain.
Jambu air dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada ketinggian tempat rendah sampai 1.000 m dari permukaan laut (dpl). Katinggian tempat yang optimal adalah 3 – 500 m dpl. Jambu air memerlukan curah hujan yang cukup, tetapi hujan pada saat berbunga akan merontokkan bunganya. Tanah yang cocok adalah tanah yang subur, gembur, banyak humus, aerasi dan drainase baik serta pH tanah 4 – 8.
Jambu air dapat diperbanyak dengan biji, cangkok, sambung, okulasi dan stek. Kecuali dengan biji, cara perbanyakan di atas memiliki keuntungan antara lain cepat berbuah, memiliki sifat yang sama dengan induknya dan tanaman tidak terlalu tinggi.
Untuk penanaman di pot pilihlah bibit berasal cangkok, karena dari beberapa cara perbanyakan tersebut bibit cangkok paling cepat berbuah. Pencangkokan yang baik dilakukan pada musim hujan, karena pertumbuhan akar lebih cepat dan dapat mengurangi penyiraman. Pilihlah cabang atau ranting yang sudah pernah berbuah dan banyak daunnya. Kupas kulitnya sepanjang kira-kira 3 cm. Diamkan 1 – 4 minggu. Tutup dengan media moss (lumut) yang sudah dibasahi dan bungkus dengan plastik transparan (plastik kresek putih) atau sabut kelapa, setelah 3 bulan akar terlihat tumbuh memeuhi media cangkok dan cangkokan sudah dapat di potong.
Pakailah pot yang sesuai dengan ukuran tanamannya, misalnya pot dengan diameter 30 cm dan tinggi 35 cm atau yang lebih besar. Makin besar ukuran pot makin mudah tanaman untuk tumbuh normal.
Isilah pot dengan ijuk atau pecahan genteng setebal 5 cm sebagai penahan keluarnya media tanam saat penyiraman. Kemudian isi dengan media tanam yang terdiri dari campuran tanah, pupuk kandang dan pasir dengan perbandingan volume yang sama sampai penuh.
Sesudah cangkokan dipotong, kurangi daun sampai setengahnya, untuk mengurangi penguapan. Kalau bibit terlalu tinggi bisa dipotong agar tanaman yang baru ditanam nantinya tidak sering tergoyang karena angin atau penyiraman.
Penanaman yang baik dilakukan pada saat suhu udara rendah seperti pagi atau sore hari. Lubangi media tanam seukuran bungkusan akar cangkokan. Buka plastik pembungkus akar cangkokan dan bibit dapat ditanam di pot. Tempatkan tanaman pada tempat yang tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung sampai tanaman bertunas baru dan tumbuh kokoh, sesudah itu secara bertahap ditempatkan pada tempat yang terkena sinar matahari penuh.
Penyiraman 1 atau 2 kali sehari, pada pagi dan sore hari terutama pada musim kemarau. Penggemburan media tanam dilakukan apabila media tanam sudah mengeras dan padat, dilakukan hati-hati agar tidak merusak akar. Penggemburan juga dapat dilakukan dengan menyiramkan AgriSC sebanyak 1 – 1,5 cc/liter air.
Pemangkasan dilakukan untuk membentuk tajuk tanaman. Setiap pemangkasan akan memunculkan tunas baru, pilihlah 3 tunas baru untuk ditumbuhkan. Makin banyak cabang dan ranting, makin banyak tempat keluarnya bunga. Pemangkasan juga dilakukan untuk membuang tunas liar yang biasanya tumbuh cepat lurus ke atas atau membuang tunas yang sakit dan tidak produktif.
Pemupukan untuk jambu air yang belum berbuah dilakukan setiap bulan dengan memberikan Urea, TSP dan KCl dengan perbandingan 2:1:1 sebanyak 15 gram (3 sendok makan). Pupuk ditanam sekeliling pinggiran media tanam, dan lakukan penyiraman setiap selesai memupuk. Pemupukan untuk jambua iar yang sudah berbuah atau akan berbuah dilakukan 2 atau 3 kali setahun menjelang berbuga dengan Urea, TSP dan KCl dengan perbandingan 1:2:1 sebanyak 15 gram (3 sendok makan). Sebagai tambahan dapat diberikan pupuk daun seperti Gandasil D (untuk pertumbuhan vegetatif) dan Gandasil B (untuk pertumbhan generatif) setiap seminggu sekali dengan dosis seperti anjuran dikemasannya.
Setiap 3 -5 tahun sekali dapat dilakukan pergantian pot kalau ukuran pot sudak tidak mencukupi atau pot rusak. Kalau tidak mengganti pot, maka media tanamnya saja yang diganti. Potonglah sekitar 5 cm media tanam beserta akar disekeliling pinggir dan bagian bawah media tanam deng pisau tajam secara pelan, kemudian tanam kembali dengan menambahkan media tanam yang baru. Setiap pemotongan akar harus diimbangi dengan pengurangan daun, kalau tidak tanaman secara alami akan melayukan dan menggugurkan daunnya.
Terlepas dari petunjuk teknis di atas, perawatan yang terbaik adalah perhatian kita terhadap tanaman tersebut. Makin diperhatikan biasanya tanaman akan memberikan hasil yang kita harapkan.
Buah jambu air mengandung kalori, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi dan vitamin C serta air. Bagian yang dapat dimakan dari buah jambu air sebanyak 90%.
Jambu air banyak jenis dan varitasnya, antara lain Cincola, Lilin, Semarang, Apel, Camplong, Bangkok dan lain-lain.
Jambu air dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada ketinggian tempat rendah sampai 1.000 m dari permukaan laut (dpl). Katinggian tempat yang optimal adalah 3 – 500 m dpl. Jambu air memerlukan curah hujan yang cukup, tetapi hujan pada saat berbunga akan merontokkan bunganya. Tanah yang cocok adalah tanah yang subur, gembur, banyak humus, aerasi dan drainase baik serta pH tanah 4 – 8.
Jambu air dapat diperbanyak dengan biji, cangkok, sambung, okulasi dan stek. Kecuali dengan biji, cara perbanyakan di atas memiliki keuntungan antara lain cepat berbuah, memiliki sifat yang sama dengan induknya dan tanaman tidak terlalu tinggi.
Untuk penanaman di pot pilihlah bibit berasal cangkok, karena dari beberapa cara perbanyakan tersebut bibit cangkok paling cepat berbuah. Pencangkokan yang baik dilakukan pada musim hujan, karena pertumbuhan akar lebih cepat dan dapat mengurangi penyiraman. Pilihlah cabang atau ranting yang sudah pernah berbuah dan banyak daunnya. Kupas kulitnya sepanjang kira-kira 3 cm. Diamkan 1 – 4 minggu. Tutup dengan media moss (lumut) yang sudah dibasahi dan bungkus dengan plastik transparan (plastik kresek putih) atau sabut kelapa, setelah 3 bulan akar terlihat tumbuh memeuhi media cangkok dan cangkokan sudah dapat di potong.
Pakailah pot yang sesuai dengan ukuran tanamannya, misalnya pot dengan diameter 30 cm dan tinggi 35 cm atau yang lebih besar. Makin besar ukuran pot makin mudah tanaman untuk tumbuh normal.
Isilah pot dengan ijuk atau pecahan genteng setebal 5 cm sebagai penahan keluarnya media tanam saat penyiraman. Kemudian isi dengan media tanam yang terdiri dari campuran tanah, pupuk kandang dan pasir dengan perbandingan volume yang sama sampai penuh.
Sesudah cangkokan dipotong, kurangi daun sampai setengahnya, untuk mengurangi penguapan. Kalau bibit terlalu tinggi bisa dipotong agar tanaman yang baru ditanam nantinya tidak sering tergoyang karena angin atau penyiraman.
Penanaman yang baik dilakukan pada saat suhu udara rendah seperti pagi atau sore hari. Lubangi media tanam seukuran bungkusan akar cangkokan. Buka plastik pembungkus akar cangkokan dan bibit dapat ditanam di pot. Tempatkan tanaman pada tempat yang tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung sampai tanaman bertunas baru dan tumbuh kokoh, sesudah itu secara bertahap ditempatkan pada tempat yang terkena sinar matahari penuh.
Penyiraman 1 atau 2 kali sehari, pada pagi dan sore hari terutama pada musim kemarau. Penggemburan media tanam dilakukan apabila media tanam sudah mengeras dan padat, dilakukan hati-hati agar tidak merusak akar. Penggemburan juga dapat dilakukan dengan menyiramkan AgriSC sebanyak 1 – 1,5 cc/liter air.
Pemangkasan dilakukan untuk membentuk tajuk tanaman. Setiap pemangkasan akan memunculkan tunas baru, pilihlah 3 tunas baru untuk ditumbuhkan. Makin banyak cabang dan ranting, makin banyak tempat keluarnya bunga. Pemangkasan juga dilakukan untuk membuang tunas liar yang biasanya tumbuh cepat lurus ke atas atau membuang tunas yang sakit dan tidak produktif.
Pemupukan untuk jambu air yang belum berbuah dilakukan setiap bulan dengan memberikan Urea, TSP dan KCl dengan perbandingan 2:1:1 sebanyak 15 gram (3 sendok makan). Pupuk ditanam sekeliling pinggiran media tanam, dan lakukan penyiraman setiap selesai memupuk. Pemupukan untuk jambua iar yang sudah berbuah atau akan berbuah dilakukan 2 atau 3 kali setahun menjelang berbuga dengan Urea, TSP dan KCl dengan perbandingan 1:2:1 sebanyak 15 gram (3 sendok makan). Sebagai tambahan dapat diberikan pupuk daun seperti Gandasil D (untuk pertumbuhan vegetatif) dan Gandasil B (untuk pertumbhan generatif) setiap seminggu sekali dengan dosis seperti anjuran dikemasannya.
Setiap 3 -5 tahun sekali dapat dilakukan pergantian pot kalau ukuran pot sudak tidak mencukupi atau pot rusak. Kalau tidak mengganti pot, maka media tanamnya saja yang diganti. Potonglah sekitar 5 cm media tanam beserta akar disekeliling pinggir dan bagian bawah media tanam deng pisau tajam secara pelan, kemudian tanam kembali dengan menambahkan media tanam yang baru. Setiap pemotongan akar harus diimbangi dengan pengurangan daun, kalau tidak tanaman secara alami akan melayukan dan menggugurkan daunnya.
Terlepas dari petunjuk teknis di atas, perawatan yang terbaik adalah perhatian kita terhadap tanaman tersebut. Makin diperhatikan biasanya tanaman akan memberikan hasil yang kita harapkan.
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