Budidaya Timun
Divisi : Spermatophyta (tanaman berbiji)
Sub divisi : Ageospermae (biji dalam buah)
Kelas : Dycotyledonae (biji berkeping dua)
Ordo : Cucurbitales
Famili : Cucurbitaceae
Genus : Cucurmis
Spesies : Cucumis sativus L.
Timun adalah tanaman sayuran buah semusim (berumur pendek) seperti terong, labu dan tomat, tumbuh menjalar, berbentuk semak atau perdu bisa mencapai tinggi 2 meter. Akar berbentuk tunggang dan berair, batang lunak dan berair, daun berbentuk bulat dengan ujung daun runcing berganda, berbulu halus dan tulang daun menjari. Bunga terdiri dari bunga jantan dan betina dengan perbandingan jumlah yang relatif sama. Buah panjang silindris dengan bentuk beragam tergantung varietas antara lain Mikro 203, Hercules, Asian Star, Phuket, Ninja, Titan, Hijau Roket, Maksi Roket, Putih Roket, dan lain-lain.
Faktor penting dalam setiap penanaman adalah agroklimat (tanah dan iklim).
Tanah/lokasi yang cocok dengan timun adalah dengan ketinggian tempat 200 – 800 m dpl (dari permukaan laut) dan masih toleran sampai 1.000 m dpl atau kurang dari 200 m dpl. Ketinggian tempat ini sangat terkait dengan iklim setempat. Jenis tanah yang cocok adalah regosol dan latosol yaitu lempung ringan berdrainase baik. Selain itu juga tanah yang gembur, banyak mengandung bahan organik dengan solum (kedalaman tanah) dalam. pH tanah 5,5 – 7,5.
Iklim yang cocok adalah suhu udara 20 -32 derajat C, kelembaban udara 50% – 85%, curah hujan 200 – 400 mm/bulan, cahaya matahari 350 – 400 cal/mm2 setiap hari.
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Setelah bibit berumur 14 hari atau tinggi 10 -15 cm atau sudah berdaun 3 – 4 helai bibit sudah bisa ditanam ke kebun atau pot atau polybag besar dengan jarak tanam 40 cm.
Pemeliharaan yang dilakukan adalah :
• Penyulaman, mengganti bibit yang mati.
• Pengairan, penyiraman.
• Pemupukan, dilakukan 1 hari sebelum tanam, 15 hari sesudah tanam dan 30 hari sesudah tanam dengan dosis sekali pupuk sebagai berikut :
o Urea : 3 gram per tanaman
o SP36 : 2,5 gram per tanaman
o KCl : 2 gram per tanaman
• Penyiangan, pendangiran dan pembumbunan.
• Pemberian ajir, agar tanaman tegak.
• Pemangkasan dan pangaturan buah. Buang cabang anakan pertama sampai ke 5, agar buah muncul di atas, kalau buah di bawah dan kurang sinar matahari, buah akan bengkok. Peliharalah cabang anakan dari nomor 6 dan seterusnya.
• Pemeliharaan dari hama dan penyakit.
• Panen. Bunga akan muncul 20 – 25 hari setelah tanam. Buah bisa di panen setelah 7 – 10 hari bunga mekar (umur 1- 2 bulan sesudah tanam). Waktu panen yang baik adalah saat cuaca cerah, tidak hujan, pagi atau sore hari. Simpanlah buah pada tempat yang sejuk.
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