Alpukat
13 April 2010
Catatan Ringan. Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) adalah tanaman buah beasal dari Amerika Tengah dan Guatemala. Pohonnya bisa mencapai ketinggian 20 meter. Buah alpukat banyak mengandung kalori, karbohidrad, lemak, protein, vitamin A, B dan C. Menurut buahnya alpukat memiliki beberapa perbedaan, ada yang buahnya merah dan ada yang hijau, bentuk buahnya ada yang bundar ada yang panjang.
Bunga alpukat termasuk bunga lengkap (hermaprodit), dimana dalam satu bunga terdapat putik (betina) dan benang sari (jantan). Bunga alpukat terbagi menjadi dua tipe :
Bunga tipe A, dimana dalam satu bunga saat benang sari matang dan siap membuahi putik, tetapi putik belum matang dan saat putik matang, benang sari sudah mati.
Bunga tipe B, dimana dalam satu bunga saat putik matang, tetapi benang sari belum matang, saat benang sari matang, putiknya sudah mati.
Dengan tipe bunga seperti di atas, maka bila menanam salah satu pohon saja, kemungkinan besar tidak akan terjadi perkawinan dan tidak menghasilkan buah, kecuali alpukat jenis buahnya hijau dan panjang, pohon jenis ini bisa menghasilkan kedua tipe tersebut dalam satu pohon. Buah alpukat biasanya dipanen pada sekitar bulan September.
Alpukat dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada ketinggian tempat rendah sampai 2.000 meter dari permukaan laut (dpl), optimalnya pada 200 – 1.000 m dpl. Tanah yang cocok adalah tanah remah berhumus atau lempung pasir dengan pH 5,5 – 6,5. Alpukat memerlukan curah hujan 1.500-3.000 mm/tahun dengan 0-6 bulan kering per tahun.
Alpukat juga dapat dibudidayakan dalam pot. Baca tulisan selanjutnya: Alpukat Dalam Pot
Bunga alpukat termasuk bunga lengkap (hermaprodit), dimana dalam satu bunga terdapat putik (betina) dan benang sari (jantan). Bunga alpukat terbagi menjadi dua tipe :
Bunga tipe A, dimana dalam satu bunga saat benang sari matang dan siap membuahi putik, tetapi putik belum matang dan saat putik matang, benang sari sudah mati.
Bunga tipe B, dimana dalam satu bunga saat putik matang, tetapi benang sari belum matang, saat benang sari matang, putiknya sudah mati.
Dengan tipe bunga seperti di atas, maka bila menanam salah satu pohon saja, kemungkinan besar tidak akan terjadi perkawinan dan tidak menghasilkan buah, kecuali alpukat jenis buahnya hijau dan panjang, pohon jenis ini bisa menghasilkan kedua tipe tersebut dalam satu pohon. Buah alpukat biasanya dipanen pada sekitar bulan September.
Alpukat dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada ketinggian tempat rendah sampai 2.000 meter dari permukaan laut (dpl), optimalnya pada 200 – 1.000 m dpl. Tanah yang cocok adalah tanah remah berhumus atau lempung pasir dengan pH 5,5 – 6,5. Alpukat memerlukan curah hujan 1.500-3.000 mm/tahun dengan 0-6 bulan kering per tahun.
Alpukat juga dapat dibudidayakan dalam pot. Baca tulisan selanjutnya: Alpukat Dalam Pot
21 Comments
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