Niat Berpuasa
27 Juli 2013
Catatan Ringan. Setiap sehabis shalat tarawih, sering saya dengar di speaker masjid dan langgar ucapan niat untuk berpuasa esok hari (bahkan niat berpuasa sebulan penuh) yang dibacakan kadang bareng besama jamaahnya. Hal tersebut mengingatkan saya sewaktu kecil sering diingatkan jangan sampai lupa niat untuk puasa, siapa tahu besok harinya bangun kesiangan ga’ sempat sahur (puasa salajur, kata orang Banjar), bisa-bisa puasanya tidak sah. Apa memang begitu susah sih mau puasa?
Kebetulan saya baca di koran Banjarmasin Post, pada edisi tanggal 22 Juli 2013. Pada kolom tanya jawab Interaktif yang diasuh oleh Bapak Syaukani Arsyad dari Qur’anic Intelligence Center (QIC), seseorang bertanya seperti ini:
Salah satu yang menentukan sahnya puasa adalah niat. Tanpa Niat puasa tidak sah dan wajib diqadha. Kapankah sebaiknya waktu yang tepat untuk memasang niat puasa? Bolehkah berniat sebulan penuh?
Pertanyaan tersebut dijawab pengasuh sebagai berikut:
Niat (Niyyatu) berarti kehendak (Alqosdu), yaitu yakinnya hati untuk melakukan sesuatu dan kuatnya kehendak untuk melakukannya tanpa ada keraguan. Nabi Shallallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Sesungguhnya setiap amalan itu (syah atau tidaknya) tergantung dengan niatnya dan setiap orang akan mendapatkan apa yang dia niatkan.” (H.R. Al-Bukhari dan Muslim dari Umar bin Khaththab).
Ibnu Tamiah Rahimahullah berkata, “Mengucapkan niat (secara jahr) tidak diwajibkan dan tidak pula disunnahkan berdasarkan kesepakatan kaum muslimin.” (Majmu’ Al-Fatawa: 22/218-219) beliau berkata, “Niat adalah maksud dan kehendak, sedangkan maksud dan kehendak tempatnya adalah di hati, bukan di lidah. berdasarkan kesepakatan orang-orang yang berakal. Walaupun dia beniat dengan hatinya (tanpa mengucapkannya), maka niatnya syah menurut Imam Empat dan menurut seluruh Imam-Imam kaum muslimin baik yang terdahulu maupun yang belakangan.”
Maka sekadar bangunnya seseorang di akhir malam untuk makan shur, padahal dia tidak biasa bangun di akhir malam, itu sudah menunjukkan dia mempunyai maksud dan kehendak, dan itulah niat, untuk berpuasa.
Masalah menjahrkan niat untuk sehari atau sebulan puasa tidaklah mengapa. Wa Allahu’alam.
Begitulah kira-kira bagaimana kita berniat untuk melakukan puasa atau shalat, yang terpenting dalam hati sudah ada maksud dan kehendak, semoga bermanfaat.
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