Budidaya Selada
Catatan Ringan. Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) adalah tanaman sayur yang termasuk dalam famili Compositae, merupakan tanaman semusim. Selada biasanya disajikan sebagai sayuran penyegar. Selada banyak mengandung vitamin A, vitamin B dan vitamin C. Daun selada sering dipakai sebagai bahan lalap, gado-gado dan salad. Daun selada tidak cocok bagi penderita gangguan perut/pencernaan, karena tisak seperti sayuran lainnya selada tidak pernah dimasak sebagai sayur tetapi disajikan selagi segar. Selada juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tambahan pada peternakan ayam.
Ada tiga macam selada yang banyak dikenal yaitu:
Tanaman selada cocok untuk dataran rendah sampai dataran tinggi. Pada dataran tinggi daun yang dihasilkan lebih besar, pada dataran rendah cepat menghasilkan bunga. Selada memerlukan tanah gembur dan subur banyak mengandung pasir atau lumpur, suhu yang cocok 15 – 20 derajar Celcius dan pH tanah 5 – 6,5. Waktu tanam yang baik adalah akhir musim hujan tetapi dapat pula ditanam pada musim kemarau yang penting cukup air. Sementara pada musim hujan selada kurang cocok dan tidak tahan hujan.
Selada diperbanyak atau dikembangbiakan dengan menanam bijinya. Lahan untuk tanaman selada harus dicangkul sampai gembur sedalam 30 cm dan diberi pupuk kandang 10 ton/ha. Kemudian dibuat bedengan dengan lebar 1 meter arah timur-barat agar terkena sinar matahari sepanjang hari. Buatlah jalur tanam dengan jarak 25 cm, taburkan biji selada langsung ke lahan. Bisa juga dengan persemaian dahulu. Dalam lima hari biji akan tumbuh. Setelah tanaman berdaun 3 – 5 helai jarangkan tanaman, buang bibit yang kerdil dan tidak sehat sehingga tanaman berjarak 20 – 25 cm.
Setelah tanaman berumur 2 minggu, beri pupuk Urea sebanyak 200 kg/ha atau 1 gram per tanaman. Tanaman selada dapat dipanen pada umur 2 – 2,5 bulan. Cabut tanaman atau potong pada batang di bagian daun terbawah.
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