Bertanam Bawang Merah
Catatan Ringan. Bawang merah (Allium spp.) sangat dibutuhkan sebagai bumbu dapur. Meskipun sering dibutuhkan. tetapi orang tidak mau menanamnya di pekarangan. Padahal. bawang merah dapat ditanam dengan mudah di dataran rendah maupun dataran tinggi.
Bawang merah (bawang yang berumbi merah) ada beberapa jenis yang terkenal, yaitu bawang merah biasa atau brambang atau syalot (Allium ascalonicum) dan bawang merah besar atau bawang bombai atau bawang timur (Allium cepa L.). Kedua jenis bawang merah itu dapat dibedakan dengan mudah karena masing-masing mempunyai ciri yang khas. Daun bawang brambang berwama hijau muda, berbentuk bulat panjang, berongga seperti pipa, dan apabila dipotong melintang merupakan lingkaran. Bawang brambang biasanya berumbi kecil diameter terbesar antara 3-4 cm. Rasanya pedas karena kadar minyak eterisnya tinggi. Tanaman ini mudah berbunga di Indonesia. Daun bawang bombai berwarna hijau tua, panjang, berbentuk setengah bulat, dan berlubang seperti pipa. Akan tetapi, apabila daun dipotong melintang merupakan setengah lingkaran. Umbinya besar-besar dengan diameter 5-8 cm. Rasanya tidak pedas dan agak manis. Tanaman bawang bombai sulit berbunga di Indonesia. Bawang bombai berumbi merah atau kuning, ada pula yang berwarna putih. Akan tetapi, umbi putih tidak begitu disenangi konsumen karena rasanya kurang enak.
Varietas bawang brambang yang terkenal adalah cirebon, ampenan. dan sumenep, sedangkan varietas bawang bombai antara lain red criole, yellow arano dan cairo.
Bawang merah dapat tumbuh dengan baik bila tanahnya subur, banyak humus (gembur), tidak tergenang air, dan aerasinya baik. Selain itu, pH tanahnya dijaga antara 5,5 – 6,5. Jika pH~nya terlalu asam (lebih rendah dari 5,5), garam alumunium (Al) larut dalam tanah. Garam alumunium tersebut akan bersifat racun terhadap tanaman bawang hingga tumbuhnya menjadi kerdil. Jika pH-nya lebih tinggi dari 6,5 (netral sampai basa), unsur mangan (Mn) tidak dapat dimanfaatkan hingga umbi-umbinya menjadi kecil.
Bawang brambang lebih senang pada iklim agak kering, tanah alluvial, dan suhu udara panas sehingga sangat baik bila ditanam di dataran rendah. Daerah yang banyak ditanami bawang merah ialah di daerah Tegal, Cirebon, Pekalongan, Brebes, Madiun, Wates, dan Ampenan.
Berbeda dengan bawang brambang, bawang bombai lebih senang dengan iklim basah (lembap) dengan kelembapan udara 80-90% dan suhu udara 20°C. Selain itu, penyinaran matahari yang panjang (14 jam) lebih disukai bawang bombai. Oleh karena itu, bawang bombai sangat baik jika ditanam di dataran tinggi yang berhawa sejuk (pegunungan).
Bawang brambang sangat baik ditanam pada musim kemarau, sedangkan bombai sangat baik ditanam pada awal musim kemarau. Bawang merah pun dapat ditanam pada musim hujan, tetapi beresiko karena hama atau penyakit sukar dikendalikan.
Bawang merah dapat dikembangbiakkan dengan umbi dan biji. Namun pengembangbiakan dengan biji tidak pernah dilakukan karena perawatannya sulit. Bibit umbi bawang merah sebaiknya berukuran kecil atau sedang. Jika umbi yang digunakan berukuran besar, akan timbul pemborosan. Selain itu, bentuk umbinya sebaiknya bulat dan telah disimpan dalam gudang selama 1-2 bulan. Untuk Iahan seluas satu hektar diperlukan 200.000 umbi dengan berat sekitar 1.200 kg/ha.
Sebelum bawang merah ditanam, tanah diolah terlebih dahulu.Tanah tersebut dicangkul sedalam 40 cm, kemudian diberi pupuk kandang atau kompos yang telah matang sebanyak10-20ton/ha. Pemberian pupuk kandang untuk bawang bombai lebih banyak daripada untuk bawang brambang. Setelah pupuk diratakan, dibuat bedengan yang Iebarnya 60 cm untuk bawang brambang dan 80-100 cm untuk bawang bombai. Jika bedengan dibuat terlalu lebar maka tanah akan sulit didangir. Setiap bedengan memuat tiga baris tanaman.Tiap baris dubuat lubang-lubang tanam dengan jarak antarlubang untuk bawang brambang 20 cm. sedangkan bawang bombai 30-40 cm. Antarbedengan dibuat parit dengan lebar 20-30 cm. Parit di daerah Cirebon biasanya dnbuat lebar dan dalam. Parit tersebut berguna untuk drainase dan penampung air atau untuk siraman.
Ujung umbi (bibit) yang akan ditanam itu dipotong sepertiga atau setengahnya. Sesudah pemotongan, bibit tersebut segera ditanam dalam lubang hingga permukaan irisan umbi tenutup tanah tipis. Bibit tersebut akan tumbuh setelah satu minggu. Setelah berumur tiga minggu. tanaman diberi pupuk buatan berupa urea dan TSP dengan perbandingan 3 : 1 sebanyak 4 gr tiap tanaman. Untuk satu hektar diperlukan 600 kg urea dan 200 kg TSP. Penambahan 100 kg/ha KCl dapat dilakukan agar umbi yang dihasilkan keras. Pupuk diberikan bersama-sama waktu tanah didangir. Tanaman tersebut dilingkari pupuk sejauh 5-10 cm dari batangnya. Sewaktu tanah didangir, bedengan yang longsor ditinggikan supaya umbi-umbinya tidak kelihatan.
Pemeliharaan tanaman bawang merah tidak sulit, hanya berupa pendangiran dan pemberantasan hama atau penyakit. Tanah didangir supaya gembur dan gulmanya hilang. Pemberantasan hama atau penyakit memperhatikan dosis dan jenis pestisida yang tepat agar tanaman tidak terganggu. Hama dan penyakit yang sering menggangu tanaman bawang merah dapat menggagalkan panen. Jenis serangga pengganggu bawang merah adalah ulat daun (Laphygma exigua) dan hama bodas atau hama lier (Thrips tabaa). Kedua serangga hama ini menyerang tanaman melalui daunnya. Ulat daun merusak daun dengan cara memotong ujungnya, sedangkan hama bodas menghisap cairan hingga daun kering. Hama ini dapat diberantas dengan semprotan insektisida Kelthane 0.2% atau Lebaycid 500 EC 0.2%. Akibat serangan hama tersebut umbi bawang merah menjadi kecil.
Umbi bawang dapat rusak oleh cendawan busuk umbi, yaitu Botrytis allii. Cendawan tersebut menyerang tanaman pada waktu di kebun maupun setelah umbi disimpan di gudang. Umbi yang terkena cendawan akan menjadi busuk. Jenis bawang merah yang mudah terkena penyakit ini ialah bawang bombai umbi putih. Hal ini terjadi jika kebunnya atau tempat penyimpanan terlalu lembap (basah). Jika gudang penyimpanan kering, tetapi masih terserang penyakit ini, berarti umbi sudah terinfeksi cendaWan sejak dari kebun. Penyakit ini dapat dikendalikan dengan fungisida Benlate atau Dithane M45 0,2%. Fungisida tersebut disiramkan di sekitar tanaman dan disemprotkan pada daun-daunnya sewaktu masih di kebun.
Bawang merah pun dapat mengalami gangguan penyakit seperti penyakit mati pucuk, bercak konsentris berwarna ungu, dan trotol abuabu. Penyakit tersebut disebabkan oleh sejenis cendawan. Jika terserang penyakit tersebut umbi tanaman menjadi kecil.
Cendawan Phytophthora porri menyebabkan penyakit mati pucuk. Penyakit ini merusak ujung-ujung daun tanaman sehingga berwarna kuning, kemudian berubah menjadi putih dan kering. Penyakit ini dapat dikendalikan dengan Antracol atau Dithane M-45 0,2%.
Jenis cendawan kedua ialah Alternaria porri. Cendawan ini dapat menyebabkan penyakit bercak konsentris berwarna ungu dan menyerang daun bawang merah. Penyakit ini dapat diberantas dengan semprotan Dithane M-45 atau Antracol 0,2%.
Adapun cendawan Peronospora destructor menyebabkan penyakittrotol abu-abu atau embun. Penyakit ini dapat muncul setiap saat, terutama bila malam harinya Iembap dan berkabut. Penyakit ini merusak daun bawang merah. Mencegahnya dengan semprotan Dithane M45 02-03%.
Tanaman bawang merah dapat dipanen hasilnya setelah 60% daun-daunnya kering dan pangkalnya lemas. Umur tanaman tersebut berkisar 2,5 – 3,5 bulan. Pemanenan dilakukan dengan cara mencabut tanaman tersebut. Tiap umbi bibit (tiap rumpun) dapat menghasilkan antara 4-6 umbi anakan. Berat hasil yang dipungut sekitar 4-5 kali berat bibit yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu, tanaman yang baik dapat menghasilkan 10-40 ton per hektar umbi. Hasil produksi bawang merah merupakan komoditas ekspor penting, terutama bawang bombai. Bawang yang diekspor biasanya berupa tepung dan bawang goreng.
Umbi dapat bertahan lama jika setelah dijemur disimpan beserta daunnya. Selain itu, penyimpanannya harus di tempat yang kering, tidak terkena sinar matahari secara langsung. Akan lebih baik bila disimpan di atas asap dapur atau diasap.
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be
actually something which I think I would never understand.
It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I am looking forward for your next
post, I will try to get the hang of it!
I was recommended this website by my cousin. I am
now not positive whether this post is written by him as
no one else recognise such exact approximately my difficulty.
You’re incredible! Thanks!
my web page :: cannabis license
Аn intriguing discussion is worth comment. I doo think tha yуou should write more aboput this іssue, it miught not bbe a taaboo matter but typically
people don’t speak about such topics. To the next!
Many thanks!!
I really like what you guys tend to be up too. Such clever work and coverage!
Keep up the terrific works guys I’ve added you guys to blogroll.
Fastidious respond in return of this matter with solid arguments and explaining
all on the topic of that.
My web blog – xe88apk
Hello, Neat post. There is a problem together with your web site in internet explorer, might test this?
IE nonetheless is the market leader and a large element of people will pass over your fantastic writing because of this problem.
Here is my website: mega888 Test id
That is a very good tip especially to those new
to the blogosphere. Short but very precise info? Thank you for
sharing this one. A must read post!
Visit my web page; concerned hemp seed
Simply wish to say your article is as amazing. The clearness on your publish is simply
excellent and that i could suppose you’re knowledgeable on this subject.
Well together with your permission let me to grasp your RSS feed to keep updated with
impending post. Thank you one million and please continue
the gratifying work.
Here is my website :: ketosis diets
I keep listening to the reports talk about getting boundless online grant applications so I have been looking around
for the finest site to get one. Could you tell me
please, where could i get some?
Feel free to visit my webpage … great skin
I wanted to visit and allow you to know how considerably I valued discovering your site today.
I would consider it a honor to do things at my office and
be able to make use of the tips shared on your web-site and
also be a part of visitors’ responses like this.
Should a position involving guest author become offered at
your end, i highly recommend you let me know.
My web site: simple skin care
I’m extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as with the layout on your blog.
Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself?
Either way keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to
see a nice blog like this one today.
Stop by my web page :: mega888 trusted company
I like the valuable info you provide in your articles.
I will bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently.
I’m quite certain I will learn many new stuff right
here! Best of luck for the next!
Stop by my website: xe88 game; Valorie,
That is really fascinating, You are an excessively skilled blogger.
I have joined your feed and stay up for seeking more of your wonderful post.
Additionally, I’ve shared your website in my social networks
Feel free to visit my web blog; hengheng2 xe88
This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger.
I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your excellent post.
Also, I’ve shared your website in my social networks!
My web site … 918kaya apk 2021
Hi there it’s me, I am also visiting this website regularly,
this website is genuinely pleasant and the viewers are actually sharing good thoughts.
Look at my site … ex88 (Javier)
I enjoy, result in I discovered just what I used to
be having a look for. You’ve ended my 4 day lengthy hunt!
God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
my web site … Kiss916 (https://kebe.top/Viewtopic.php?id=413396)
Amazing blog! Do you have any tips for aspiring writers?
I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m a little
lost on everything. Would you propose starting with a free platform like WordPress or go
for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m totally overwhelmed ..
Any ideas? Thanks a lot!
Here is my page cara menang game xe88
This post is really a nice one it assists new web users, who are wishing in favor
of blogging.
Here is my blog mega888apk, https://cacophonyfarm.com/index.php/Download_Mega888:_A_True_Casino_Game_For_Actual_Currency,
Do you have a spam problem on this blog;
I also am a blogger, and I was wanting to know
your situation; we have developed some nice methods and we
are looking to swap techniques with other folks, please shoot
me an email if interested.
Here is my webpage kiss918 ios 13
Someone essentially lend a hand to make severely articles I’d state.
This is the very first time I frequented your website page and so far?
I amazed with the analysis you made to create this actual put up amazing.
Wonderful process!
Here is my website mega888 online
Hey there! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new apple
iphone! Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts!
Carry on the great work!
Feel free to visit my website – 918kaya download ios
Today, I went to the beach front with my children. I found a
sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She put the shell to her ear
and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear.
She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is entirely off topic but
I had to tell someone!
Feel free to visit my page xe88 html5
We’re a gaggle of volunteers and opening a new scheme in our community.
Your site provided us with useful information to work on. You have done an impressive activity and our whole
community will be grateful to you.
Also visit my page … daily blood cholesterol
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is an extremely well written article.
I will be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your
useful information. Thanks for the post. I will definitely comeback.
Feel free to visit my blog; 918kaya apk download
I am really loving the theme/design of your blog. Do you
ever run into any internet browser compatibility problems?
A couple of my blog readers have complained about my
site not operating correctly in Explorer but looks
great in Chrome. Do you have any advice to help fix this problem?
Here is my blog home mega888 download
Superb blog you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any message boards that cover the same topics discussed in this article?
I’d really love to be a part of group where I can get responses from other
knowledgeable people that share the same interest.
If you have any recommendations, please let me know.
Thanks!
Here is my page :: mega888 id test
Howdy are using WordPress for your site platform? I’m new to the
blog world but I’m trying to get started and set up my own. Do
you need any html coding knowledge to make your own blog?
Any help would be really appreciated!
Feel free to surf to my web page – mega888 slot game
You really make it seem so easy along with your presentation but I in finding
this matter to be really something that I believe
I’d by no means understand. It seems too complex and extremely vast for me.
I’m looking forward to your subsequent submit, I’ll try to get
the grasp of it!
Here is my web blog :: xe88 for android
Very interesting subject, appreciate it for posting.
my blog; cannabis seeds starts
Thanks , I have just been looking for info about
this topic for ages and yours is the best I have found out
till now. But, what about the conclusion? Are you
sure about the source?
Here is my blog post – 918kaya logo
Ꭲhis text is priceless. Where can I find ᧐ut morе?
What’s up, yeah this piece of writing is in fact pleasant and I have
learned lot of things from it concerning blogging.
thanks.
My homepage :: getting treatment
I am really inspired with your writing skills as well as with the format
in your weblog. Is this a paid subject matter or did you modify it yourself?
Either way stay up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to look a great
weblog like this one these days..
Take a look at my blog :: healthy eating tips
I am really inspired with your writing abilities as smartly as
with the structure for your blog. Is this a paid subject
matter or did you modify it your self? Anyway keep up the
nice quality writing, it is rare to see a great weblog like this one these days..
Also visit my site: potatoes diet
Thanks to my father who told me concerning this weblog, this blog is actually remarkable.
Look at my blog: pussy888 ios
If some one needs expert view on the topic of running a blog afterward i recommend
him/her to go to see this weblog, Keep up the good job.
my web blog :: seeds prior
I don’t even know how I stopped up right here, but I assumed this put up was once good.
I do not realize who you might be however certainly you’re going to a famous
blogger in the event you aren’t already. Cheers!
Feel free to surf to my site: pussy888 apk download (waldseer-fasnachtswiki.de)
Does your blog have a contact page? I’m having trouble locating it but, I’d
like to shoot you an e-mail. I’ve got some creative ideas for
your blog you might be interested in hearing.
Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it improve over time.
Also visit my web page :: cannabis license
I don’t even know the way I ended up right here,
but I assumed this publish was great. I do not realize who you’re however definitely you are going to a
well-known blogger if you aren’t already. Cheers!
Feel free to visit my web blog – Home mega888 download
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be really something which
I think I would never understand. It seems too
complex and very broad for me. I am looking forward for your
next post, I’ll try to get the hang of it!
Feel free to visit my blog – 918kaya android
Very soon this site will be famous amid all blogging visitors,
due to it’s pleasant posts
Look into my homepage – seaworld xe88
I don’t even understand how I ended up right here, but I believed this post was great.
I don’t understand who you might be however definitely
you’re going to a well-known blogger for those
who are not already. Cheers!
Stop by my webpage xe88 web
Hello there! This blog post couldn’t be written much better!
Reading through this article reminds me of my previous roommate!
He continually kept preaching about this. I am going to forward this post
to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a very good read.
Many thanks for sharing!
my web page :: slot pussy 888
May I simply just say what a comfort to discover someone who
genuinely knows what they’re discussing over the internet.
You definitely realize how to bring an issue to light and
make it important. A lot more people ought to look at this and understand this side
of your story. It’s surprising you are not more popular since you surely possess the gift.
Feel free to visit my web-site … download game mega888;
kebe.top,
Have you ever thought about writing an ebook or guest authoring on other websites?
I have a blog based on the same subjects you discuss and would really
like to have you share some stories/information. I know my
visitors would enjoy your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to
send me an e-mail.
Feel free to surf to my web site – xe88 baru
I’m not sure exactly why but this blog is loading very slow for me.
Is anyone else having this issue or is it a issue on my
end? I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.
Also visit my homepage: download kiss918 (44706648-90-20190827182230.webstarterz.com)
Howdy! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering if
you knew where I could locate a captcha plugin for my comment form?
I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having problems
finding one? Thanks a lot!
Check out my page live22 free Rm20
Its like you read my mind! You seem to know so much about
this, like you wrote the book in it or something.
I think that you can do with a few pics to drive the message home a bit, but other than that, this is fantastic blog.
A great read. I’ll definitely be back.
Have a look at my page id test pussy888
Saya telah menjelajah online lebih dari 3 jam hari ini, namun saya tidak
pernah menemukan artikel menarik seperti milik Anda. It is cukup berharga bagi saya.
Menurut pendapat saya , jika semua webmaster dan blogger membuat konten yang baik seperti yang Anda
lakukan, web akan menjadi a jauh lebih berguna dari sebelumnya.
Here is my blog: Joker123 hong kong
Hello would you mind letting me know which hosting company you’re using?
I’ve loaded your blog in 3 different internet browsers and I must say
this blog loads a lot quicker then most. Can you recommend a good internet hosting provider at
a reasonable price? Thanks a lot, I appreciate it!
Here is my blog – 918kaya apk
Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to
and you’re just too wonderful. I actually like what you have acquired here, certainly like what you are saying and the way in which you say it.
You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it sensible.
I cant wait to read much more from you. This is actually a terrific website.
my webpage; mega888
Useful info. Lucky me I found your website by accident, and I’m shocked why this coincidence did
not took place earlier! I bookmarked it.
My web-site :: scr918
alprostadil or yohimbine https://alprostadildrugs.com/ alprostadil injection reviews
tadalafil daily use https://elitadalafill.com/ tadalafil max dose
sildenafil drug https://eunicesildenafilcitrate.com/ sildenafil 100mg online india
vardenafil- vardenafil tablet, film coated https://vegavardenafil.com/ vardenafil 10 mg
alprostadil generic prices https://alprostadildrugs.com/ how to adminiter transurethral alprostadil muse video